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With the acceleration of the pace of global economic integration, China's chemical companies have shown the trend of agglomeration and development of various chemical parks. As an economic growth point, the environmental and ecological problems brought about by the development of chemical parks have become increasingly prominent. This paper analyzes the management mode and experience of advanced chemical parks at home and abroad, summarizes the problems existing in the management of domestic chemical parks, and draws on the successful experience to propose countermeasures to solve the problem of China's chemical park management, with a view to improving the management status of China's chemical parks. To provide a theoretical basis for promoting the scientific development of chemical parks.
With the vigorous development of China's chemical industry, modern industrial parks have gradually become an important support for the rapid growth of the regional economy. However, in the process of construction and development of chemical parks, there are factors such as increased resources and energy consumption, increased production of three wastes, blind site selection, and poor supervision.
Not only has the environmental pollution load increased, but also the degree of ecological damage has been aggravated, which has seriously affected the regional ecological environment. The environmental problems brought about by the development of chemical parks have become increasingly prominent.
Therefore, how to grasp the problems in the construction and development of chemical parks, take countermeasures and measures, and promote the scientific development of chemical parks have become urgent problems to be solved.
01 Domestic and foreign chemical park management model experience
1. Ludwig Chemical District, Germany
The Ludwig Chemical Park is located on the Rhine River in Germany and covers an area of 7.11 square kilometers. It is an integrated petrochemical production base built by BASF.
There are 32,000 employees in the park, of which about 16% are enterprise R&D personnel. In this integrated production base, the plants are interconnected and the waste or by-products of a project or a plant can be used as inputs or raw materials for the next project or plant.
At the same time, in the Ludwig Chemical District, public works and auxiliary facilities tend to focus on construction and unified supply services, which not only reduces the cost of environmental pollution, but also effectively utilizes resources and logistics to fully reflect the concept of circular economy.
2. The Port of Rotterdam Chemical Park, the Netherlands
The Port of Rotterdam Chemical Park is located in the delta of the Rhine and Mars Rivers. It has a temporary industrial belt integrating chemical, refining and shipbuilding. It is one of the world's major petrochemical production centers.
As an integrated chemical park that has entered the mature stage, the development model and management mode of the Rotterdam Port Chemical Park has important reference significance for the development of China's chemical industry park.
First, make full use of geographical advantages to build a port-centered Lingang Industrial Park.
Second, actively explore port logistics and transportation services, and build the Rotterdam Port Chemical Industry Park into an international shipping hub for global economic activities and resource allocation.
Third, through rational planning, we will build an international city with integrated ports and cities.
3. Shanghai Chemical Industry Zone
Shanghai Chemical Industry Zone is located on the north bank of Hangzhou Bay. Since the establishment of the park, it has developed an integrated circular economy and integrated clean production, comprehensive utilization of resources and sustainable development to promote the construction of an integrated industrial chain.
The scale effect of the circular economy in the chemical industry mainly comes from the sharing of public infrastructure, namely centralized supply of energy, industrial water, raw materials, and comprehensive recycling of waste heat, waste water and waste. Infrastructure sharing can improve facility efficiency and resource recycling, reduce energy consumption and waste emissions, and significantly reduce operating costs.
02 Current Situation and Problems of China's Chemical Industry Parks
1. Development status of chemical parks in China
China's chemical parks are mainly divided into five types: petrochemical type, fine chemical type, urban relocation type, enterprise expansion type and resource type.
Petrochemical chemical parks are generally large-scale, with refinery-ethylene plants as the leader, driving a series of downstream industries. This type of chemical park mainly includes Shanghai Chemical Industry Park and Nanjing Chemical Industry Park.
The fine chemical chemical park is mainly composed of fine and special chemicals and bulk synthetic materials, such as Nantong Economic Development Zone and Taixing Chemical Park.
The urban relocation chemical park refers to the unified transfer of the original scattered chemical enterprises to the new chemical parks, such as the Tianjin Chemical Industry Park and Hefei Chemical Park.
Enterprise expansion chemical park refers to the expansion of the original enterprise, such as Qilu Chemical Industrial Park.
Resource-based chemical parks are often built in areas with abundant resources such as coal, so investment costs are relatively low, such as Yulin coal-based energy and chemical base, Ningdong energy and chemical base.
In recent years, in the coastal areas of China, along the Yangtze River and the central and western regions, chemical parks with petrochemical, coal chemical, natural gas chemical, and salt chemical industries have been gradually developed.
Due to the impact of local economic development level and government environmental awareness, there is an imbalance in the development level of China's chemical industry parks.
Some parks have established a reasonable industrial orientation at the beginning of development, and combined the development of the park with the local economy, development planning and national industrial policies, and now have a large scale, such as Shanghai Chemical Industry Park and Nanjing Chemical Industry Park.
However, in some economically underdeveloped areas, although the park has introduced some projects and has a certain scale, due to the rush to attract investment, blind site selection and construction, and insufficient supervision, the competitive advantage of the park is not obvious. Environmental pollution is getting worse.
2. Problems in the development of China's chemical industry parks
Comprehensively the basic situation and management status of China's chemical industry parks, the main problems are as follows:
First, there is a lack of unified and reasonable park construction planning.
At the beginning of development and construction, the chemical park did not combine the actual situation of the local area, blindly promoted the construction of the chemical park, and failed to conduct qualitative and quantitative evaluations in site selection, industrial positioning, planning, etc., resulting in unreasonable layout and redundant construction. Problems that arise during the later development process cannot be effectively solved.
At the time of construction of the chemical park, it is often the first post-construction plan. Each enterprise first levies a fixed-point land and builds it at a fixed point, resulting in mixed production areas, living areas, storage areas, etc., failing to make rational use of public infrastructure, and lacking a unified park. Construction Planning.
Second, the entry barrier is low and blind introduction.
In order to achieve economic development, some parks have an eagerness to seek success in the introduction of enterprises. Some parks neglect the technical content of the project, and at the expense of the environment, some projects with serious pollution, overcapacity and backward technology are introduced into the park, leaving hidden dangers for the sustainable development of the park.
Third, insufficient environmental management capabilities.
At present, due to the increase of environmental protection tasks, the change of environmental management objects (from single type to decentralized type), the lack of environmental law enforcement supervision mechanism and the restraint of local protectionism, it is difficult to supervise and enforce law enforcement in most chemical parks. Failed to keep up with the development of the chemical park.
In addition, some enterprises have weak environmental awareness, and there are cases of smuggling and leakage, which further increase the difficulty of supervision and management of chemical parks.
Fourth, the environmental infrastructure is backward.
Some small or newly established chemical parks are busy with attracting investment. Although there are certain plans for the construction of environmental protection infrastructure in the park, the construction is slow. Some parks attract foreign investment. When the sewage collection pipe network and centralized sewage treatment plant are not built, the enterprises are allowed to put into production, causing serious pollution to the surrounding environment and threatening the production and life of the surrounding people.
03 Enlightenment from the management mode of advanced chemical parks at home and abroad
1. Rational planning of chemical parks
After planning, the Shanghai Chemical Industry Park will have a clear development plan at the beginning of the construction of the park. According to the industrial development trend and the concept of circular economy, the company will be guided to the key points of development. Therefore, rational planning of the chemical park is to ensure the environmental management of the chemical park is effective. The necessary means of implementation.
First, scientific site selection is required, and relevant regulations are strictly enforced. Secondly, the park should meet the requirements of environmental protection in planning and industrial positioning, actively promote industries with the nature of circular economy, and promote the formation of the industrial chain in the economy of the chemical park. Enterprises that fail to pass the review or fail to meet the requirements of the park's planning and environmental assessment should not be allowed to enter.
2. Strengthen infrastructure construction
At present, some chemical parks are lagging behind in infrastructure construction, resulting in the inability to effectively implement environmental management tools.
Therefore, the chemical park should strengthen the construction of infrastructure, such as the sewage collection pipe network of the park, centralized sewage treatment facilities, centralized heating system, and centralized solid waste.
At the same time, learn the environmental management experience of chemical parks in developed countries, such as introducing BOT mode in infrastructure construction, that is, infrastructure construction is no longer arranged by the government, but is based on the agreement between the government and enterprises, encouraging enterprises and other enterprises. The main body of social investment actively raises funds to build a certain infrastructure, and adheres to the principle of focusing on enterprises and guiding and promoting the government.
The introduction of the BOT model can not only improve the operational efficiency of the project, but also reduce the interest disputes between the government and the enterprise and promote the sound development of the park.
3. Strengthen the service and supervision of the park
Improve the environmental management level of the grassroots level, improve the environmental supervision effectiveness of the chemical park, and strengthen the construction of environmental management institutions. The environmental protection department must intervene in advance in the construction of the park. When conducting the supervision of the park, a professional environmental supervision agency can be set up to conduct real-time supervision.
At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen environmental protection publicity and improve the environmental awareness of enterprises and individuals. All chemical parks should also be equipped with professionals responsible for environmental protection supervision and sound environmental protection files.
4. In line with national industrial policy
Promoting the development of industrial integration The above analysis of the management experience of advanced chemical parks shows that promoting industrial integration based on industrial agglomeration can not only enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of enterprises, but also reduce environmental pollution and improve resource utilization.
At the same time, the introduction of chemical park projects must conform to the national industrial policy, and priority should be given to projects that are conducive to extending the industrial chain and facilitating the comprehensive utilization of resources.
Focus on the development of high-tech, low-pollution, low-energy products, projects that are prohibited by the state or produce projects containing carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic substances are not allowed to enter the park. In the construction, we must consider the upstream and downstream links of the industrial chain to promote the development of industrial integration.
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